Formal Garden Steps
Steps can either be built into a bank or slope or they can be constructed as freestanding structures that project out from a rise. The latter is a particularly formal device associated with a regular design, and is usually used in conjunction with highly finished retaining walls and terraces.
Formal projecting steps should be built on a grand scale as a small flight will look insubstantial and give the impression of being merely an afterthought. Since projecting steps form an integral part of the surrounding structures, they must be planned in advance. They are more difficult to construct than built-in steps because, being freestanding, they have to be self-supporting, whereas those built into a bank have their weight catered for.
Projecting steps are usually constructed from stone or brick and must be tied well into the adjoining structure. They are often constructed as part of a retaining wall and built at the same time. It is important that they are well built on good, firm foundations so they are safe and sturdy.
Stone and brick are the most appropriate materials for formal steps. Stone steps are undoubtedly the most visually satisfying but stone is an expensive material. Brick is very popular because, among other reasons, the small units make it very versatile to use. They must be frost-proof and match the materials of any nearby structures.
On a truly grand scale, grass can be used. It is best if grass steps are reinforced on the leading edge with bricks or some other solid material. They are very difficult to maintain because of the problem of mowing them, and they are also prone to wear and tear; depressions can be dangerous, making it easy to trip over the top of the solid riser.
Wood is another option; leading up from decking, a flight of wooden steps is an excellent finishing touch. They should be made using a timber framework so that the treads are not in contact with the soil. Concrete, in the form of slabs or pre-formed step units, is suitable for formal designs, and it is possible to buy non-slip slabs which are useful for shady areas of the garden.
